虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气的概念
　　 英语共有三种语气：陈述语气用于陈述事实; 祈使语气用于提出邀请或命令; 虚拟语气则用于表示主观愿望或假设的情况。虚拟语气主要借用某些时态的形式来表示不同的时间。如：
I wish I were you.
二、虚拟语气在 if 条件句中的用法
虚拟语气经常用在由 if 引出的非真实条件句中, 其构成形式见下表:
if　 从　 句 主　　　　句
与现在相反 　动词过去式 would + V
与过去相反 had + V.ed would have + V.ed
与将来相反 should + V would + V
注:在表示与将来相反的条件句中, 还可以用"were to +V."结构。如:
If I were to do it, I would do it in a quite different way. ��
另外,还应注意以下三点：
(1)当 if 从句中有 were, had 或 should 这三个动词时, 可以省去 if,用主谓倒装结构放在句首。如：
Were I in your place, I wouldn't do it.
Had he hurried, he wouldn't have missed the bus.
Should there be a flood, what would they do?
(2)若条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作在时间上不一致时,则要用错综时间条件句。如
If he had taken my advice, he would be a scientist now.
(3)有时还可以通过一个介词短语或者上下文来表示条件从句。如:
We could have done better under more favourable conditions.
I would have written before, but I have been ill.
三、虚拟语气在状语从句和名词从句中的用法
虚拟语气还可以表示建议、愿望和命令，用在下面的从句中:
(1)在 wish(但愿) 的从句中:
I wish I were/was as strong as you.
I wish I could have gone to the party with you yesterday.
(2)在 would rather 或 would just as soon (宁愿) 的从句中:
I would rather you were there too.
I'd just as soon you didn't tell her about it.
(3)在 It's time (that) 的从句中:
It's high time that you boys went to bed.
(4)在 as if/though(似乎) 的从句中:
He talks as if he knew everything.
(5)在 lest(以防)、for fear that(生怕)、in case(万一) 的从句中:
He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.
The thief hid behind some bushes for fear that we should find him.
Here's some money in case you should need it.
注: 此类句型中常用 should。
(6)在 suggest 等动词及其相应名词后面的从句中:
Bill suggested that everyone (should) have a map.
It was suggested that everyone (should) have a map.
Bill's suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.
We'll discuss Bill's suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
此类动词及其相应的名词常用的有: agree/agreement, command, decide, demand, insist/insistence, order, plan, propose/proposal, request.
(7)在 It is + adj. + that 的从句中:
It is important that everyone (should) come.
此类形容词常用的有: advisable, amazing, astonishing, better, essential,necessary, odd, ridiculous, surprising, unthinkable, vital.
四、虚拟语气的其它用法
虚拟语气常在口语中使用, 用于婉转地表示看法、请求、建议等。如:
It would be a great pity to stop the test half way.
Could you come a little earlier tomorrow?
You might as well put the meeting off for a few days.
另外, 还可用在表示祝愿或感叹的句型中。如:
May you succeed!
If only he could come!
Exercise
Multiple Choices:
1.If I ______ you, I would go there.
A. am 　　B. was 　　C. were 　　D .are
2.I could have done it better, if I ______ enough time.
A. have 　　B. had 　　C. have had 　　D. had had
3.If I knew the fact, I ______ tell you.
A. should 　　B. would 　　C. will 　　D. shall
4.If he ______ there tomorrow, he would help you.
A. would go 　　B. should go 　　C. go 　　D. goes
5.If you ______ come back next week, I should wait for you.
A. might 　　B. had 　　C. would 　　D. could
6.If you ______ earlier, you would have seen him.
A. come 　　B. would come 　　C. had come 　　D. came
7.If I ______ next time, I should finish it on time.
A. had done 　　B. did 　　C. would do 　　D. were to do
8. _______ , you would have met him.
A. Were you been there　B. Should you been there　C. Had you been there　D. Did you go there
9. ______ the leadership of our Party, we should not have succeeded.
A. As for 　　B. As to 　　C. Unless 　　D. But for
10.Without air, ______ no wind or rain.
A. there will be 　　B. there would be 　　C .there have been 　　D. there is
11.I insisted that they ______ the tickets in advance.
A. would book 　　B. should book 　　C. booked 　　D. had to book
12.He advised us to take a taxi so that we ______ there in time for the ceremony.
A. can be 　　B. might be 　　C. will be 　　D. should be
13.He works with enthusiasm as if he never ______ fatigue.
A. know 　　B. knew 　　C. will know 　　D. should know
14.I wish I ______ more attention to my pronunciation before.
A. paid 　　B. pay 　　C. had paid 　　D. should pay
15.Our dean proposed that the question _______ at the next meeting.
A. were discussed 　　B. are discussed 　　C. would be discussed 　　D. be discussed
16.His proposal is that the plan ______ at once.
A. is carried out 　　B. would be carried out 　　C. be carried out 　　D. will be carried out
17.It is imperative that the apparatus ______ under the appropriate conditions.
A. be operated 　　B. is operated 　　C. will be operated 　　D. shall be operated
18.It is time we ______ the result of the experiment.
A. check 　　B. checked 　　C. would check 　　D. will check
19.Everyone, no matter what strong points he ______ , has shortcomings.
A. has 　　B. had 　　C. have 　　D. having
20.It is decided that every scientific worker ______ master at least one
foreign language.
A. need 　　B. can 　　C. should 　　D. may
21.It is important that each of you ______ a notebook to class with you.
A. will bring 　　B. brings 　　C. must bring 　　D. bring
22.The radio is too noisy. I wish you ______ it down.
A. will turn 　　B. would turn 　　C. can turn 　　D. may turn
23.If it had not been for the accident we ______ much earlier.
A. should arrive 　　B. might arrive 　　C. should have arrived 　　D. will have arrived
24.The students request that they _______ less homework.
A. be given 　　B. will give 　　C. are given 　　D. gave
25.Isn't it time you ______ to work?
A. begun 　　B. will begin 　　C. begin 　　D. began
26.If only we ______ a telephone in our office!
A. have 　　B. had 　　C. will have 　　D. have had
27.It is required that all members ______ present.
A. be 　　B. are 　　C. will be 　　D. come
28.I didn't know your telephone number; otherwise I ______ you.
A. telephoned 　　B. would telephone 　　C. had telephoned 　　D. would have telephoned
29. ______ , she could have answered that question.
A. If had she given some help 　　B. She had been given some help
C. Had she been given some help 　　D. If had she been given some help
30.It is essential that he ______ the dentist at once.
A. saw 　　B. is to see 　　C. sees 　　D. see
31.The committee proposed that a lawyer ______ consulted about the matter.
A. to be 　　B. be 　　C. were 　　D. is
32.My hair is too long. I wish I ______ it cut.
A. will have 　　B. had 　　C. has 　　D. have
33.It is advisable that the message ______ at once.
A. be sent 　　B. is sent 　　C. was sent 　　D .to be sent
34.He didn't turn up at yesterday's meeting; otherwise I ______ him.
A. would see 　　B. saw 　　C. had seen 　　D. would have seen
35.The commander ordered all his soldiers ______ prepared for an attack.
A. were 　　B. to be 　　C. be 　　D. would be
36.If the work had not been finished on schedule, the contract ______ cancelled.
A. would have been 　　B. would be 　　C. had been 　　D. have been
37.What would happen if our earth ______ spinning?
A. stops 　　B. stop 　　C. stopping 　　D. stopped
38.If I ______ you, I would call again.
A. was 　　B. were 　　C. am 　　D. are
39.I would have gone to your lecture if I ______ time.
A. had had 　　B. have had 　　C. have 　　D. had
40.Everything ______ if you hadn't called the fire brigade.
A. would have burnt up　B. would have been burnt up　C. were burnt up　D. had been burnt up
41. ______ this evening, you would get there by Sunday.
A. Were you to leave 　　B. Were you leave 　　C. Would you leave 　　D .Had you left
42.If they hadn't given me a lift, I _______ in the country.
A. would still be 　　B. will still be 　　C. will still be 　　D. would have still been
43.If I had time, I ______ go out and play football.
A. will 　　B. would 　　C .had 　　D .shall
44.Without your help they ______ so much.
A. won't achieve　B. hadn't achieved　C wouldn't have achieved　D wouldn't achieve
45.Mary ______ come yesterday, but she didn't catch the bus.
A. would have 　　B. will have 　　C. had 　　D. had to
46.Mary insisted that he ______ to her.
A. apologize 　　B. apologizes 　　C. apologized 　　D. to apologize
47.Your advice that she ______ till next Friday is reasonable.
A. will wait 　　B. is to wait 　　C. wait 　　D. waits
48.That landlady was strict. She requested that we ______ TV on week nights.
A. have not watched 　　B. must not watch 　　C. not watch 　　D. not to watch
49.It is important that you ______ there before Monday.
A. getting 　　B. get 　　C. got 　　D. will get
50.Tom speaks as if he ______ on the spot.
A. were 　　B. was 　　C. had been 　　D. is

这人有病!!!!!!!!这里是交流经验,不是搞艺术;即使含有艺术也不是此类.你这贴我认为是浪费空间.